Federal Agencies Should Look in the Mirror

by Greg Walcher on December 18, 2024

In the 1950 movie version of Grimm’s Fairy Tale, the cruel stepmother scolds Cinderella, “You clumsy little fool – clean that up!” But of course, it was the stepmother, not Cinderella, who made the mess. Sometimes it seems like the world is full of people who expect others to clean up their messes.

It is a recurring theme among critics of federal agencies, which often regulate and even fine others for environmental damage, but rarely admit the role they themselves played in creating the problem. A lawsuit against the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), filed by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC) has again focused attention on an agency blaming everyone but itself.

The suit accuses USFWS of impairing the recovery of threatened and endangered species by insisting on a process that ignores science and hinders habitat restoration. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 created two distinct lists for protection. Species in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or most of their range were to be listed as “endangered,” and those that might some day become endangered were to be listed as “threatened.” The regulatory process prescribed by Congress was completely different for the two lists. Killing any endangered species was prohibited, along with any action that degrades their habitat. Threatened species, though, could be “taken” and their habitat altered in certain circumstances, to be defined by a “4(d) rule.” USFWS was to design science-based regulations tailored to individual species, recognizing the coexisting human economic activity, and determine acceptable levels of “take.”

Before the ink was dry on that law, USFWS decided that was too complicated, and instead adopted what it called the “blanket 4(d) rule” bypassing that prescribed process, allowing it to ignore science and species-specific considerations, and simply enforce “threatened” and “endangered” species listings the same way. There has been almost no distinction between the two categories for 50 years, and the result is one of the most dismal failures in the history of conservation. By the end of 2023, more than 2,300 species had been listed as threatened or endangered and only 1.8 percent de-listed.  71 species are now considered “recovered” but that includes 8 that it turned out were listed by mistake, 13 that further research proved were never separate species, and 11 were extinct. Only half of the species listed even have recovery plans,

but all have federal protection and people can go to jail for killing them, even accidentally, or altering their habitat without permission.

Former USFWS Director Sam Hamilton figured out the importance of the right incentives. In a 2010 speech, he explained that there is no mechanism for private landowners to benefit from investing in species conservation. He said, “The incentives are wrong here. If a rare metal is on my property the value of my land goes up. But if a rare bird is on my property the value of my property goes down.”

As the new lawsuit suggests, “two-thirds of endangered and threatened species depend on private lands for habitat, making it critical to engage landowners in effective habitat protection and restoration efforts.” The “blanket rule” does the opposite. It imposes the most severe restrictions on landowners, whether the species is listed as endangered or threatened. So as my friend Jonathan Wood, a PERC vice president, puts it, “Rather than motivating stakeholders to invest in a species’ recovery by lifting the most stringent restrictions when its status improves, the blanket rule makes states and landowners indifferent to whether a species is endangered or threatened, improving, or declining. This penalizes and discourages states and landowners from maintaining or restoring wildlife habitat.” It is time for the USFWS to recognize that its own rules and procedures are hindering the recovery of listed species. Time for a good look in the mirror.

It isn’t the only agency that ignores its own role in creating problems for which it seeks to regulate and punish others. Think of the Forest Service’s failure to manage national forests properly, and the resulting catastrophic fires that have decimated 200 million acres over the last 30 years. Or the Bureau of Reclamation failing to refill major reservoirs in the Upper Basin of the Colorado River during wet years, then trying to punish water users by withholding water during dry years. Or the EPA flooding the Animas River with toxic waste from its disastrous blowout at the Gold King Mine, while fining other companies millions for similar accidents.

This new lawsuit is right on target in suggesting, a little more politely than Cinderella’s stepmother, that the USFWS admit it helped make this endangered species mess, and should at least help clean it up.

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Time is on Colorado’s Side – No Need to Rush

by Greg Walcher on December 10, 2024

An early lesson I learned as a young staffer for the late Senator Bill Armstrong was the importance of careful consideration. He disliked being rushed into hasty decisions and developed a standard response to any demand for immediate action. “If you need an answer right now,” he would say, “the answer is no.” If there was time for more thought, homework, reading, and studying all the implications, the answer could be different. He understood that rushed judgments are rarely good judgments.

Colorado River negotiators ought to keep that in mind as they are being prodded to make new interstate agreements that could supplant a century of western water law.

CNN reported a few days ago that the Administration is “trying to throw a Hail Mary to save the Colorado River” before President Biden leaves office in two months. His appointees would love to be able to boast of finally solving the problem of administering the river during times of drought. One can certainly understand that objective; everyone wants bragging rights. But that is their agenda, not Colorado’s.

The Biden administration demanded, as it has for four years, that all seven Colorado River Basin states agree to divide the river’s water differently than the existing interstate compact requires, to “protect” the river into the future. They forget that the ultimate “protection” for Colorado and the other Upper Basin states (Utah, Wyoming, and New Mexico) is rigid enforcement of the existing interstate compact, which has governed distribution since 1922.

It is perennial truth, during times of drought and surplus, that the Lower Basin states of Nevada, Arizona, and especially California, continuously argue for rewriting that historic agreement to give themselves more water from the Upper Basin. And since Colorado is the one remaining state that has never developed its entire entitled share, that inevitably means they want more of Colorado’s water.

Aqueduct that takes Colorado River water to Los Angeles

Colorado has always said, under the leadership of twenty Governors of both parties, that it will not reopen negotiations on the compact, and will not yield any of its entitled water to other states. Still, for over a decade the Bureau of Reclamation has made varying demands for all seven states to agree to drought plans, flow requirements, and other management agreements, all with the intent of reducing the use of water that Colorado owns. As I have written in nearly a dozen columns on this issue over the years, the Bureau of Reclamation has absolutely zero legal authority to make such demands of the Upper Basin. Colorado should tell the current Administration, and future appointees of any other, that it has no intention of reducing its entitled share and will defend its interests in court if necessary. I believe that is precisely what Colorado will do now.

Even the CNN story acknowledged, quoting multiple sources involved in the negotiations, “getting all states and stakeholders to agree in just two months how much water they could be entitled to for decades is extremely doubtful, if not impossible.”

Just a few days earlier, Fresh Water news reported that negotiators from the seven states were, in fact, preparing for new leadership from a new Administration, at least one of them promising that the transition would not “derail the process.”

That “process” is intended to replace water management rules that were agreed upon by the seven states in 2007 and will expire in 2026. Because of that timeline, the Bureau insists that all the states agree – now – on rules for managing the federal dams and reservoirs before then. The reason the Bureau considers it so urgent is that it requires time to promulgate new federal regulations, under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), including environmental studies, public comment and waiting periods, revisions, appeals, and perhaps litigation – all following procedures required by the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).

That last detail matters a great deal now, because the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals (often called the nation’s second-highest court) just ruled that CEQ has no such regulatory power, creating uncertainty about all agency actions taken in compliance with CEQ. 

It is one of the key sticking points between states, because the Upper Basin has already said it may be willing to negotiate, but not under the strict NEPA procedure the Bureau insists upon. So slow down. Any demands for these states to make decisions right now, before one President leaves and another arrives, should be met with the skepticism eleventh-hour government always deserves. If they need an answer right now, the answer is no.

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Taking Private Land for Public… Nothing

November 5, 2024

The Fifth Amendment is an essential part of the Bill of Rights, ensuring, “nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.” Sometimes private property stands in the way of public progress, such as when highways are built. The public good cannot be held hostage by one owner, whose refusal to sell […]

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Why Bipartisanship Still Matters

November 1, 2024

When President Kennedy explained the goal of sending a man to the moon, he said the nation chose to do such things “not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills…” We often face challenges that are difficult, […]

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Who Decides What’s a Public Road?

October 22, 2024

Several years ago, Utah filed a suit insisting that the federal government turn over to the State 12,000 roads that cross federal lands within Utah. Few officials noticed, as disputes over who controls public roads on federal lands are nothing new. But the federal judge hearing this case just sent shock waves through Washington with […]

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Climate Protocols – the Ultimate Entangling Alliances

October 18, 2024

The “doctrine of unstable alliances” in George Washington’s “Farewell Address” underpinned U.S. foreign policy for decades and is still considered wise, though mostly ignored. “The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible,” Washington wrote. “It […]

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Nature is Cruel – Voters Shouldn’t Be

October 11, 2024

One of the most popular speakers at Club 20 in the 1990s was a Montana logger named Bruce Vincent, founder of a PR firm called Environomics, Inc. He was, and is, one of the country’s most inspiring and entertaining speakers on natural resources and conservation issues. I still remember his description of “the Walt Disney […]

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Corridors of National Interest – or Special Interest?

October 4, 2024

Obama Chief of Staff Rahm Emanual famously advised, “You never want a serious crisis to go to waste,” he explained, “What I mean by that [is] it’s an opportunity to do things that you think you could not do before.” He was talking about the financial crisis of 2008, which Congress was so desperate to […]

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Animal Cruelty on This Year’s Ballot

September 27, 2024

Wolves yelp, bark, and howl at night to commmunicate, establish territories, and even to show affection. They do not actually howl at the moon, although that romanticized vision was cited by many voters who thought returning wolves to Colorado would somehow enhance their lives. Artworks showing silhouettes of wolves howling at the moon are very […]

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A New National Sacrifice Zone

September 20, 2024

A couple years ago a little-noticed report called, “Beyond Carbon-Free: A Framework for Purpose-Led Renewable Energy Procurement and Development” was published by an energy company in Seattle, together with the Nature Conservancy and the National Audubon Society. It suggested that the goal of net-zero carbon emissions would require “massive areas of land for development,” perhaps […]

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